Political Analysis Serie - Pre-salt auctions and oil sector in Brazil: opportunities and risks

Photo: Repsol Agency

The Overview

Very recently, on June 7, the Brazilian National Oil, Natural Gas, and Biofuels Public Agency (ANP, in Portuguese) sold three of the four blocks offered as part of the fourth pre-salt auction. Bonuses added up to US$ 807,7 million. The deep waters pre-salt oil reserves discoveries in Brazilian coast are among the most important made in the world over the last decades.

The most coveted block and the first to be won — called “Uirapuru”, on Santos basin — was won by a consortium formed by the Brazilian State-owned Petrobras (30%), Portugal’s Petrogal (14%), Norway’s Statoil (28%), and ExxonMobil (28%). The bid surpassed the 22,18% minimum set for the auction. The premium stood at 240,3%. The signing bonus was US$ 679,5 million.

Brazilian authorities stated that with a profit oil of 75,49% for “Uirapuru” block, the Brazilian Government is likely to receive 90% of the project’s net revenues. These are values hardly ever seen, including in auctions for blocks in the Middle East. Deducting companies’ investments and costs of the projects’ net revenues, 90% will go to the Brazilian Treasury.

Also located on Santos basin, the “Três Marias” block attracted two bidders. The winning consortium is formed by Shell Brasil (40%), Chevron Brazil (30%), and Petrobras (30%). In turn, the “Dois Irmãos” block, on Campos basin, was won after a single bid by Petrobras (45%), BP Energy (30%), and Statoil Brasil O&G (25%), with a zero premium and a percentage of 16,43% of oil handed over to the government. The signing bonus stood at US$102,56 million. On the same basin, the “Itaimbezinho” block got no offers.

ANP has set the deadline for the payment of signing bonuses for September 28. The bonus is based on the market’s expectations on the production potential of the blocks on sale and the degree of competitiveness in the area auctioned. Contracts are to be signed by November 30.

In all, the Brazilian Government expects to receive US$ 5,82 billion in proceeds from licenses and concessions.

The Quorum’s view: Oil sector in Brazil - a good opportunity, with its risks involved

Despite the institutional instabilities in the Brazilian society in recent years, the future of the Brazil’s Oil sector – and, by extension, of its general economy – is positive in a long-term. Consequently, foreign investors willing to opperate in this sector should be capable to accept “ups and downs” in the short-term.

Oil and Natural Gas sector accounted for 11% Brazil’s GDP in 2017 and the perspective is the continuity of this growing. With a recovered economy in the future (and the permanence of the economic and political collapse situation in Venezuela), Brazil has a strong chance to mantain its position as the largest oil producer in Latin America. In this scenario, pre-salt will be one of the most promising oil reserves in the world. 

The Brazilian Government expects the auctions related to pre-salt basins to yield investments of about US$ 36 billion for the next 10 years, and would create about 500.000 direct and indirect jobs. This development in the oil sector would provide an optimistic outlook for many Brazilian states’ economy that depend on oil production, such as Rio de Janeiro, Espírito Santo and São Paulo states. This sector recovery could invite more economic development in Brazilian states that have suffered from the recent dire economy.

However – despite advances made by “Lava Jato” investigations –, corruption, fraud, and bribing will remain real problems in Brazil in the next few years. Nevertheless – to atract foreign investments to the sector –, the Brazilian administration is concerned to reinforce regulatory and economic laws to mitigate these risks in the oil and gas industry.

Thus, despite the positive developments in the oil sector, there are persistent political risks that investors must consider. These risks include excessive jurisprudencial changing in the Brazilian judiciary system, reputational damage related to the interaction to the high-level corruption, political intervention with the involvement of Petrobras and impositive contract changes. For instance, the effects of the Truckers’ Strike on the pricing policy of Petrobras (that become partly controlled after the Strike), two weeks ago, caused the resignation of Pedro Parente, chairman of that State-owned (who advocated for a policy of free prices fluctuating in according to international markets). These events provides a cautionary tale for investors who seeking short-run profits, as judicial and political insecurity can undermine the business environment. Along with these issues, the upcoming presidential elections on next October could reverse policies and new regulatory framework for oil sector.

All in all, it’s necessary to say that the Brazilian energy sector (in special, its oil industry) usually creates great opportunities of profitability to patient investors with capacity of short-run resilience and a strategic approach to deal with Brazilian way of doing business.  To foreign investors, a robust strategy to the Brazilian markets involves a learning process related to the political and corporate local cultures which permits the identification of opportunities with the risk mitigation. In this field, the accompaniment of a specialized team on political risk analysis (with focus on Brazil) can be a strong watershed between the success and the failure.

Quorum Political Strategy is a government relations and political risk consulting firm made up of experienced professionals who can help your organization achieve its goals. We are a result-oriented consulting firm. Do not hesitate to contact us.

Sources: Agência Brasil, Agência Nacional do Petróleo - ANP